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LL-37

BATCH

PURITY

99% HPLC

  • CAS #:
  • 154947-66-7
  • Formula:
  • C205H340N60O53
  • M.W.:
  • 4493.28

LL-37

Antimicrobial DefenseImmune ModulationTissue Regeneration

$210.00

Volume Pricing Guide

QUANTITY PRICE PER
1 $210.00
2 - 4 $189.00
5 - 9 $178.50
10 - 14 $168.00
15 - 19 $157.50
20 + $147.00
Only the lyophilized product is provided. All supplies sold separately. For research use only.

Summary

LL-37 is a powerful cationic host defense peptide (HDP) with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties¹⁻³. As the only known human cathelicidin, LL-37 plays a critical role in innate immunity by neutralizing bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens while simultaneously modulating inflammatory responses to prevent excessive tissue damage⁴⁻⁶. Beyond its antimicrobial properties, LL-37 has demonstrated significant potential in autoimmune regulation, chronic infection management, and tissue regeneration, making it an emerging therapeutic in immunology and regenerative medicine⁷⁻¹⁰.

Description & Pharmacodynamics

LL-37 is a 37-amino acid peptide derived from the precursor protein hCAP-18. It exerts its effects by disrupting microbial membranes, neutralizing endotoxins, and modulating immune signaling pathways¹¹⁻¹³. LL-37 also enhances wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, fibroblast migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling¹⁴⁻¹⁵.

Pharmacologically, LL-37 exhibits:

  • Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity: Directly disrupts bacterial, viral, and fungal membranes while preventing biofilm formation¹²⁻¹³.
  • Immune Modulation: Regulates cytokine release, balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to prevent excessive immune activation⁶⁻⁹.
  • Tissue Regeneration & Wound Healing: Stimulates re-epithelialization, fibroblast migration, and angiogenesis, accelerating tissue repair¹⁴⁻¹⁶.
  • Autoimmune & Chronic Inflammation Control: Suppresses hyperactive immune responses in conditions such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis¹⁰⁻¹².

Research Insights

Antimicrobial & Biofilm Disruption

LL-37 is highly effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli¹²⁻¹³. It also prevents biofilm formation, a key factor in chronic infections such as diabetic foot ulcers and cystic fibrosis-related lung infections¹⁴.

Immune System Regulation

Unlike conventional antibiotics, LL-37 does not merely kill pathogens—it fine-tunes the immune response by modulating cytokines and chemokines⁶⁻⁹. This dual action enhances pathogen clearance while preventing excessive inflammation, which is crucial in chronic infections and autoimmune disorders⁷⁻¹¹.

Tissue Regeneration & Wound Healing

LL-37 promotes angiogenesis and keratinocyte proliferation, accelerating wound closure in both acute and chronic wounds¹⁵⁻¹⁶. Studies highlight its potential use in diabetic wound healing, pressure ulcers, and burn injuries¹⁴.

Autoimmune & Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

LL-37 plays a role in autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, where it regulates T-cell activation and inflammatory cascades¹⁰⁻¹². Research also suggests its application in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis by modulating immune hyperactivity⁹⁻¹¹.

Structure

  • Sequence: LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
  • Molecular Formula: C₁₈₉H₃₂₂N₆₀O₃₉
  • Molecular Weight: ~4495.3 g/mol
  • PubChem CID: Not yet assigned

Citations for LL-37

Antimicrobial & Biofilm Disruption

  1. Zanetti, M. (2005). The Role of Cathelicidins in the Innate Host Defenses of Mammals. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 7(2), 179-196.
  2. Dürr, U. H. N., et al. (2006). The Role of Membrane Lipids in the Mechanism of Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1758(9), 1408-1425.
  3. Overhage, J., et al. (2008). The Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Prevents Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Infection and Immunity, 76(9), 4176-4182.

Immune System Regulation

  1. Kahlenberg, J. M., & Kaplan, M. J. (2013). Little Peptide, Big Effects: The Role of LL-37 in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology, 191(10), 4895-4901.
  2. Sørensen, O. E., et al. (2001). Human Cathelicidin, hCAP-18/LL-37, Prevents LPS-Induced Lethality in Mice. Infection and Immunity, 69(1), 617-618.
  3. Scott, M. G., et al. (2002). The Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Is a Multifunctional Modulator of Innate Immune Responses. The Journal of Immunology, 169(7), 3883-3891.

Tissue Regeneration & Wound Healing

  1. Heilborn, J. D., et al. (2005). The Cathelicidin Anti-Microbial Peptide Is Expressed in the Skin and Promotes Wound Healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 124(2), 434-444.
  2. Ramos, R., et al. (2011). Wound Healing Activity of the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Peptides, 32(7), 1469-1476.
  3. Koczulla, R., et al. (2003). An Angiogenic Role for the Human Peptide Antibiotic LL-37/HCAP-18. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111(11), 1665-1672.

Autoimmune & Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

  1. Lande, R., et al. (2007). Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Sense Self-DNA Coupled with Antimicrobial Peptide. Nature, 449(7162), 564-569.
  2. Morizane, S., & Gallo, R. L. (2012). Antimicrobial Peptides in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Journal of Dermatological Science, 65(1), 1-7.
  3. Nijnik, A., & Hancock, R. E. (2009). The Roles of Cathelicidin LL-37 in Immune Defenses and Novel Clinical Applications. Current Opinion in Hematology, 16(1), 41-47.

Molecular and Structural Insights

  1. Wang, G. (2008). Structures of Human Host Defense Cathelicidin LL-37 and Its Smaller Heparin Binding Peptides. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(9), 575-582.
  2. Steinstraesser, L., et al. (2008). Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Displays Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Wound Infections. Journal of Surgical Research, 150(1), 30-36.
  3. Choi, K. Y., et al. (2012). LL-37 and Its Fragment Induce Angiogenesis in a Direct and Peptide-Specific Manner. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 167(3), 485-493.
  4. Tomasinsig, L., et al. (2010). Antimicrobial Peptides Promote Wound Healing in a Mechanism Independent of Antimicrobial Activity. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 130(4), 1017-1024.

**Note:** This product is intended for research purposes only and not for human consumption. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or research product.

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